The Greek Collection

The Etruscan and Roman Collection

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The Altes Museum, situated on Berlin’s renowned Museum Island, is an architectural gem and a cultural treasure trove that encapsulates the essence of classical antiquity. Commissioned by King Frederick William III of Prussia and designed by architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, the museum officially opened its doors in 1830, becoming the first museum on Museum Island. Its neoclassical facade with Corinthian columns and grand portico, immediately captures the attention of visitors. The museum’s exterior exudes an air of classical elegance, reflecting the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome. Inside, the Altes Museum hosts an extensive collection of classical antiquities, primarily focused on Greek and Roman art and culture.

German archaeologists in the 19th and 20th centuries left an indelible mark on the discipline, contributing significantly to our understanding of ancient civilizations. Among them, Heinrich Schliemann achieved fame for his excavations at Troy and Mycenae, unearthing invaluable artifacts that shed light on the classical world. However, his excavation methods, characterized by their aggressiveness, faced criticism for potentially causing damage to the very treasures he sought to uncover. Similarly, Robert Koldewey made a substantial impact with his meticulous work in Babylon, bringing attention to the historical significance of Mesopotamian civilizations. Yet, his decision to transport artifacts back to Germany during an era marked by colonial influences raised ethical questions about the treatment of cultural heritage. Walter Andrae, known for his contributions in Mesopotamia, received accolades for his detailed stratigraphic analysis. Nevertheless, some aspects of his restoration work drew criticism, as concerns were raised about prioritizing aesthetic considerations over historical accuracy. In the 20th century, Ernst Herzfeld played a crucial role in the excavation of Persepolis, advancing our knowledge of ancient Persia. However, his collaboration with Nazi authorities during the 1930s has left a stain on his legacy, prompting reflection on the intersection of archaeology and political ideology.

These German archaeologists, while making invaluable contributions, also faced ethical and methodological criticisms. Their legacy serves as a reminder of the complex challenges inherent in archaeological pursuits, encouraging modern archaeologists to navigate their work with a commitment to preserving cultural heritage and applying ethically sound methodologies. As the field progresses, the lessons learned from both the achievements and shortcomings of these pioneers contribute to the ongoing refinement of archaeological practices.

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The facade of the Altes Museum