Grave of Caesar – tucked within the ruins of the Roman Forum – marks the spot where Julius Caesar was cremated after his assassination in 44 BCE. Today, visitors can still see the remains of the Temple of Caesar, built in his honor, and stand at the very place where one of history’s most pivotal figures was laid to rest.

Grave of Caesar | tombeau de César | Grab Cäsars | tumba de César | grób Cezara | カエサルの墓 | 凯撒的坟墓 | 카이사르의 무덤

Today is March 15th, the so-called Ides of March. On this day, 2,060 years ago (44 BC), a group of conspirators led by Brutus assassinated Gaius Julius Caesar, one of the most prominent historical figures of ancient times.

In 49 BCE, Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with his army – an act considered a declaration of war against Rome. He defeated the forces of his political rival, Pompey, and became the undisputed ruler of Rome. In 44 BCE, he was appointed dictator for life, a move widely seen as a threat to the traditional republican system.

The Roman Republic had a complex system of government with multiple branches, but over time, it became corrupt and ineffective. The political elite grew increasingly self-serving, while the common people became disillusioned with the system. In the late Republic, a series of civil wars and political crises further weakened the government.

Caesar introduced new laws to reform the economy and social system, and launched a massive building program that included roads, aqueducts, and public buildings. Despite these accomplishments, he remained a controversial figure, viewed by many as a threat to the traditional republican system.

This fear of his growing power led a group of senators to assassinate him. The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a carefully planned conspiracy involving more than 60 senators. At the heart of the plot were Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, both of whom feared that Caesar’s growing power threatened the future of the Roman Republic.

The conspirators chose the Ides of March – March 15 – as the day to strike. They lured Caesar to a session of the Senate in the Theatre of Pompey, under the pretense of presenting a petition. As Caesar took his seat, the senators surrounded him and attacked. He was stabbed 23 times.

According to ancient sources, Caesar tried to resist but eventually succumbed. His last moments became legendary – especially the phrase Et tu, Brute?, though historians debate whether he actually said it.

After Caesar’s assassination, his body was taken to the Roman Forum for a public funeral. The event was a grand spectacle, intended both to honor Caesar’s memory and to rally the Roman people behind his cause. His body was displayed on a bier in the center of the Forum, surrounded by wax effigies of his assassins.

Following the funeral procession, Caesar’s body was carried to the Field of Mars, where a funeral pyre had been prepared. The pyre was adorned with flowers, and his body was laid upon it. It was then set alight, and Caesar’s remains were consumed by the flames.

On the site of Caesar’s cremation in the Forum Romanum, a temple was built as a tribute to a comet that appeared shortly after his death. The comet was believed by some to carry Caesar’s soul. The temple was named the Temple of Divus Iulius, now commonly referred to as the Temple of Caesar.

In the picture below, you can see part of its ruins, traditionally believed to be Julius Caesar’s grave.

Julius Caesar’s grave

A view of the Forum Romanum from the Palatine Hill. The location of Caesar’s grave is marked with a black ring.

Caesar’s death plunged Rome into a period of political instability and ultimately led to the rise of his adopted son, Octavian, as the first emperor of Rome.

Octavian gradually consolidated his power, and in 27 BCE, he was granted the title Augustus, meaning revered one. Augustus became the first emperor of Rome and established a new system of government that was more centralized and authoritarian than the Republic.

Under the Roman Empire, the emperor held supreme power and was supported by a small group of advisors. The Senate continued to exist, but its influence was significantly reduced. The emperor was responsible for governing the empire and maintaining law and order. The military also grew in importance, with the emperor serving as commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

The transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire had a profound impact on Rome and the history of the Western world. It marked the end of the Republic and the beginning of a new era of imperial rule that would shape the course of history for centuries to come.