Art Nouveau District in Riga. Where Architecture Turns into Sculpture

When I first visited Riga nearly two years ago, I was there on a business trip, staying at a hotel situated on the edge of the historic city. This location gave me the opportunity to step out with my camera both in the morning and after work in the afternoon. At that time, I could only explore the historic city, which had developed in the Hanseatic tradition. However, my colleagues told me that after a business dinner, a small group of them, along with a few locals, went out to see a district with “beautifully decorated buildings”. It was evening, and some of the buildings were illuminated, allowing them to see the decorations clearly. A year later, when I returned to Riga and had the chance to take a guided tour early in the morning, we went straight to that place.

The Art Nouveau district in Riga, located primarily in its central part, especially around Alberta Street and Elizabetes Street, is a captivating area renowned for its unique collection of early 20th-century architecture. It comprises dozens, perhaps even more, houses designed in a highly ornamental style, adorned with elaborate sculptures. These elements are not just additions but are seamlessly integrated into the buildings, enhancing both their functionality and aesthetic appeal. The facades are well-maintained, and you can see the detailed restoration work.

Art Nouveau emerged as a response to the classical style, particularly the Neoclassical style, which dominated academic art and architecture. Academic art refers to the artistic style and practices promoted and taught in European fine arts academies, especially from the 17th to the early 20th century. This style is characterized by a strong connection to classical traditions, a focus on the idealization of forms, technical mastery, and often a high level of formalism. In architecture, historical styles such as Neoclassicism and Neo-Gothic were predominant, and a restrained use of decoration based on ancient arts was closely linked to the principles and aesthetics taught in academies.

Art Nouveau broke away from these conventions, introducing greater freedom in forms and experimenting with new materials and techniques. The main goals of Art Nouveau were the revival of craftsmanship and the promotion of the idea that decorative arts, such as furniture design, glass, and ceramics, should be treated with the same respect as traditional fine arts like painting and sculpture. Art Nouveau aimed to create a new aesthetic that was both beautiful and functional, utilizing innovative forms and materials and integrating art into everyday life.

Below is a gallery of photos that I took in the Art Nouveau district in Riga.

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Art Nouveau District in Riga. Where Architecture Turns into Sculpture

Tromsø

Where I live, we haven’t seen a true winter for years. Now it’s snowing, but it’s not the thick, weighty snow I remember from childhood – the kind that built up into soft walls and forced us to carve narrow corridors just to walk through. The last time I experienced such a winter was in Northern Norway, in Tromsø and its surrounding fjords. I remember one afternoon sinking into snow up to my knees, completely swallowed by its silence. Tromsø lies nearly 350 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle, where winters are not just cold – they are polar, defined by weeks without sun and a heavy, glowing stillness. Just recently, I heard that a severe, freezing winter wave has swept through the region again. It made me return to the photographs I took there, in that white, distant world.

Winter in Northern Norway

Tromsø is the largest urban area in Europe beyond the Arctic Circle, nestled in the heart of Northern Norway. The city lies at about 69°N, where the Arctic climate reveals its extremes: in summer, the Midnight Sun keeps the sky bright for weeks, while in winter, the Polar Night wraps the land in darkness, as the sun stays hidden below the horizon. When we were there at the turn of the year, during the peak of the winter solstice, daylight lasted only a few hours. One afternoon, I saw only a yellow glow behind the mountains – the sun itself never appeared. The region is bordered by the Arctic Ocean, framed by the Lyngen Alps, and carved by ancient ice into deep, narrow fjords. Although surrounded by a wild, frozen landscape, Tromsø is slightly milder than its neighbors, thanks to the softening breath of the Gulf Stream, which carries warmth far into the north.

Tromsø is accessible by air, with Tromsø Airport being a major hub for the region. The city is also connected by road and sea. A bridge and an undersea tunnel connect the island of Tromsøya – where the city center is located – with the mainland and the nearby island of Kvaløya. This archipelagic geography gives the city a dispersed yet scenic character, with water never far from view.

The fjord cutting Tromso. A white structure you can see on the photo is the Arctic Cathedral – one of Tromsø’s most recognizable landmarks – a sharp, geometric structure that seems to rise from the snow like a crystalized wave or a frozen sail. Its design, by Norwegian architect Jan Inge Hovig, was completed in 1965, and quickly became a symbol of the city.

The lands around Tromsø have been home to the Sámi people for thousands of years – a culture shaped by reindeer migration, storytelling, and deep knowledge of the Arctic. Later, Norse seafarers arrived, carving out their own settlements along the fjords and coasts. In 1252, Tromsø received its first town charter from King Håkon Håkonsson, becoming one of the oldest urban settlements in Norway. For centuries, it served as a trading post and fishing port, surviving through waves of prosperity and hardship – including economic downturns and devastating fires during the 17th century. In the 19th century, the city earned a new identity: the Gateway to the Arctic. From here, ships set sail into the unknown – toward the Arctic and Antarctic frontiers, carrying explorers whose names now echo in polar history. The founding of the University of Tromsø in 1968 brought new life and purpose, anchoring the city as a center of education, research, and polar science at the edge of the world.

Just a few pictures from the city of Tromsø …

During our stay in Northern Norway, we lived about 40 kilometers from Tromsø. We explored the surrounding area intensely – following winding roads through snow-covered valleys, between mountains, and along quiet, frozen shores. By day, the landscape was full of contrast. The glassy surface of the fjord reflected the jagged peaks of the surrounding mountains. The faint daylight – brief but piercing – could make the snow sparkle, casting a fragile, crystalline silence over everything. But at night… the world changed. The depth of the fjord swallowed all shape and sound. When the Polar Night settled fully, the water turned ink-black, a void so deep it felt like a tear in the earth. Steep rock walls rose from the darkness like shadows – sometimes lit faintly by the moon, sometimes completely hidden.

We spent hours hunting for the Northern Lights, standing still on frozen ground, eyes lifted to the dark sky. Sadly, we weren’t lucky. We arrived during a period when the auroras were faint and rare. Just once, the sky lit up with an intense green glow, spreading softly like breath. After that, only a few faint smudges appeared – quiet, almost invisible, slipping among the stars.

… and from its surroundings, taken at different sites all around the area.

We didn’t see a spectacular aurora. There were no great adventures. But Tromsø stayed with me — not for what happened there, but for how it felt. Snow, darkness, silence. Sometimes, that’s enough.

Tromsø

Revived. Elbląg

Poland is one of the countries that was most deeply affected by World War II. As a consequence, many historical cities were completely destroyed and required extensive reconstruction. One of such cities is Elbląg, located in the northeastern part of the country.

Founded in the 1230s under the Teutonic Knights, a German military order, Elbląg quickly became an essential hub for commerce and trade in medieval Europe. Its strategic location near the Vistula Lagoon served as a gateway for goods moving between the interior of Poland and the Baltic Sea. Trade in Elbląg was diverse, with commodities like amber, grain, and timber being among the most traded goods. The city’s membership in the Hanseatic League facilitated its trade relations with other significant ports of the Baltic Sea, such as Danzig (Gdańsk), Lübeck, and Riga.

In the mid-15th century, Elbląg, supporting the Prussian Confederation, rebelled against the Teutonic Order, leading to its integration into the Kingdom of Poland after the Thirteen Years’ War. After the partition of Poland in the late 18th century, Elbląg came under Prussian control. This marked the beginning of a new era in the city’s history, as it was integrated into the Kingdom of Prussia and later became part of the German Empire in 1871. During this period, the Elbląg Canal was constructed. Completed in the 19th century, it was built to facilitate the transportation of goods, especially timber from the Masurian Lakes to the port city of Elbląg. Previously, the port activity relied on a natural waterway connection with the Vistula Lagoon and the Baltic Sea. Elbląg remained under German rule until the end of World War II, when it was reassigned to Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement in 1945.

During World War II, Elbląg suffered significant destruction and damage. The city was occupied by Nazi Germany after the invasion of Poland in 1939 and remained under German control until it was liberated by the Soviet Red Army in 1945. As the war reached its final stages, Elbląg became a battleground between the retreating German forces and the advancing Soviet Red Army. In anticipation of the Soviet advance, the retreating German forces engaged in a scorched-earth policy, destroying buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure to impede the Soviet advance. Many historic buildings, including those in the historical town, suffered severe damage or were completely destroyed.

Elbląg before war

Elbląg post war

After the war, Elbląg faced the daunting task of reconstruction. Efforts were made to rebuild and restore the city’s infrastructure and historical buildings, including the historical town. However, due to the extent of the damage, some structures had to be rebuilt or restored in a modified form. Local authorities and preservation organizations have been working to maintain the city’s historical character while adapting to modern needs and requirements. Walking around this city, you get the impression that you’re in a typical Hanseatic town. Just that the buildings in the historical town, though stylised, exude modernity.

The city cathedral also had to be rebuilt from scratch. Before World War II, the Elbląg Cathedral, dedicated to St. Nicholas, was a significant landmark in Elbląg, embodying the city’s medieval heritage and its prominence within the Hanseatic League. Constructed in the 13th century during the city’s period of economic prosperity, the cathedral was designed in the Brick Gothic style, characteristic of northern Germany and the Baltic Sea region. The reconstruction of the Cathedral after World War II adopted a simpler approach compared to its original elaborate Gothic design. In the post-war period, resources were often limited, and the focus was on functional restoration rather than replicating historical intricacies. As a result, the reconstructed cathedral, while retaining the Gothic architectural style and preserving its historical essence, features a more simplified interior and exterior compared to the pre-war period.

After the Second World War, port activity in Elbląg ceased. However, a few years ago, the Polish government built a direct waterway from the Vistula Lagoon to the Baltic Sea, with the intention of reviving port activity in Elbląg after deepening the Elbląg Canal section leading from the lagoon to Elbląg, which is likely to take place in the near future.

Revived. Elbląg