Bath Abbey

When almost a year after my departure, I finally managed to go through the photos from the Altes Museum in Berlin, connecting the pictures of the Roman Collection with the photos of ancient ruins in Rome, I realized that I’m missing photos of Roman-era ruins from England. Indeed, the Roman Empire reached there as well. Either the photos did not want to load from the server or they simply are not here. So I copied all the originals from England yet again to my computer and discovered that I had never processed some of them.

When we were in England, which was eight years ago, it was almost incessantly raining. Many photos can only remind me of the trip, but they show interesting places in torrents of rain, so they’re not particularly suitable for showing. However, I also found some that were taken indoors in beautiful locations. Below is one of such places – Bath Abbey in English Bath.

Bath is a historic city located in Somerset, England. It is known for its Roman-built baths and natural hot springs. Bath’s history dates back to the Roman period when it was known as Aquae Sulis. The Romans built elaborate baths and a temple complex around the natural hot springs, which were believed to have healing properties. These Roman Baths are one of the city’s most famous attractions and are still partially preserved.

Bath Abbey, formally known as the Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, is an impressive medieval cathedral located in the heart of the city. The history of Bath Abbey can be traced back to the 7th century when it was originally founded as a Benedictine monastery. Over the centuries, the Abbey went through several transformations and expansions, reflecting various architectural styles. The current structure of Bath Abbey predominantly showcases stunning Gothic architecture. The abbey features soaring pointed arches, intricate stone carvings, and large stained glass windows that allow beautiful light to filter into the interior.

The first thing that catches your attention when entering this cathedral is its magnificent ceilings. As far as I can remember, it was the first time I saw this architectural style. These are called rib vaults. Rib vaults consist of a series of ribbed arches that are arranged in regular patterns and intersect with each other. The ribs are made of stone or brick and form the fundamental structure of the vault. The ribs provide support and distribute the load, allowing for the construction of larger and more intricate spaces. Rib vaults occur in various patterns and styles, depending on the era and architectural style. In Bath Abbey, Gothic rib vaults dominate, characterized by intricate networks of ribs in different shapes, such as pointed, lierne, or tierceron ribs. These ribs form elaborate patterns resembling foliage, ivory, or floral motifs. The construction of rib vaults requires precision and stonemasonry skills. The ribs are formed using centering, and the stones or bricks are meticulously fitted together. Building rib vaults requires the involvement of skilled craftsmen and is an example of excellence in medieval architecture.

Another stunning eye-catcher in Bath Abbery are the stained-glass windows. The colorful stained glass panels depict biblical scenes, saints, and other religious motifs, filling the abbey with a kaleidoscope of light and color.


Below are a few more photos from this cathedral. When I took them, I only had a simple camera with a small zoom. I think that if I were to capture the interior today, after a few overall shots, I would focus more on taking close-ups of individual decorative elements of the cathedral.

What stayed with me was not just the beauty of the stained glass or the height of the nave, but the sense of order held quietly in the stone. The ribbed vaults, so precise and weightless, seem to organise not only the space above, but the thoughts within.

Bath Abbey

Travel memories on Good Friday. Saint-Thégonnec

Last year while traveling Normandy and Brittany, we visited the so-called enclos (in English enclosure) in Saint-Thégonnec. Although it was mid-July, the weather was quite rainy. I woke up with a headache. I was not in a mood that day to make many photos and was barely listening to our guide’s explanations. But somehow, in my memories, I strongly associated this place with Easter, and in particular with Good Friday.

I remembered a true size monument presenting the entombment of Christ that was located in the basement of a small chapel (that turned to be an ossuary, that means a burial-place) next to the main church. Hence the association with Good Friday. For readers that are not acquainted with religious practices around Christianity – the Good Friday is the day commemorating the death of Christ. The following days, the Holy Saturday otherwise called Easter Eve and Easter on a Sunday early morning are about the Resurrection. The whole Holy Week, beginning on the Palm Sunday and ending with the Easter Sunday is the major religious event in its importance preceding even Christmas.

The entombment of Christ in the Saint Thegonnac ossuary.

The Entombment, Mise au Tombeau in French, made of oak, depicts the body of Jesus being prepared for burial. It was sculpted by Lespagnol between 1699 and 1702. The sculpture portrays eleven individuals expressing their emotions when confronted with death. Among the figures depicted are Mary Salome, Mary Magdalene, Nicodemus, Saint Veronica, the Virgin Mary, John the Evangelist, an angel holding a chalice, and Joseph of Arimathea.

I also noticed another monument located in the main square inside the enclosure (the ring-fenced church area) between the entrance to the church and the ossuary. There were many figures all around the Holy Week at its top and at its base. These were scenes of judgment, passion, crucifixion, and death of Christ. I photographed it only from one side. But in fact, the figures and single scenes were at each side.

Today, looking through internet resources, I realized that this kind of structure (monument, sculpture) is called Calvary. It is typical only for Northern France, Belgium, and Spanish Galicia. It typically consists of a stone or wooden structure featuring sculptures or reliefs depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, along with other biblical scenes and figures related to the Passion of Christ. Calvaries are often situated outdoors, either as standalone monuments or as part of a larger religious complex, such as a church or pilgrimage site. They serve as devotional sites and reminders of Christ’s sacrifice, inviting visitors to reflect on the significance of the Crucifixion and engage in prayer and contemplation. The design and composition of Calvaries can vary depending on the region and historical period. They can range from simple structures with a single cross and minimal sculptures to more elaborate and ornate installations featuring multiple crosses, statues, and intricate architectural elements.

Calvaries often include representations of the Crucifixion, including a central crucifix or cross with a sculpted figure of Jesus Christ. Surrounding the central crucifix, additional sculptures may depict the Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist, Mary Magdalene, and other figures associated with the events of the Crucifixion. In some cases, Calvaries also incorporate other scenes from the Passion of Christ, such as the Last Supper, the Carrying of the Cross, and the Deposition from the Cross. These additional sculptures or reliefs create a narrative of Christ’s suffering and death. Calvaries can be found in various regions of France, particularly in Brittany, Normandy, and other areas with a strong religious and cultural heritage. They are often situated in prominent locations, such as hilltops, town squares, or near churches, allowing them to be easily visible and accessible to both locals and pilgrims.

The Calvary in Saint-Thégonnec enclose was erected in the early XVII thcentury, some of its figures were hidden by the locals in times of the French revolution, some got lost. It was reconstructed in the XXth century.

The Saint-Thégonnec Calvary.

The Parish Enclosure (Enclos Paroissial) in Saint-Thégonnec is considered one of the finest in Brittany. The Parish Enclosure consists of several buildings and structures, including a church, a calvary, an ossuary, and an elaborate triumphal arch. They date back to the XVIth and XVIIth centuries.

The Saint-Thégonnec enclosure is probably not a mass tourist attraction. But it is a particular and symbolic place, worth to stop for a while. The church (with the name Notre Dame) interior is totally different from the Gothic-style cathedrals and churches that one usually visits in Northern France. It is full of smaller and bigger figures. Of things I found interesting was the wooden ceiling. It was already the second time during our trip that we saw a ceiling like that. (The first time it was the day before in the Mount St. Michel main church and chapels). Below some other of the few photos, I made that day in the Saint-Thégonnec enclosure.

 

Travel memories on Good Friday. Saint-Thégonnec